Peter Olsthoorn
Netherlands Defence Academy, Faculty of Military Sciences, Faculty Member
- Military Ethics, Moral Philosophy, Political Theory, Ethics, Civil-military relations, Civil-Military cooperation, and 30 moreMedical Ethics, Political Philosophy, Applied Ethics, Virtue Ethics, Normative Ethics, Professional Ethics, Moral and Political Philosophy, Personal and Moral Autonomy, Moral Education, Moral Development, Leadership, Leadership Development, Organizational Leadership, Change Leadership, FRONTEX, Values, Comprehensive Approach, War Studies, Military and Politics, Virtues and Vices, Peace and Conflict Studies, Social Sciences, Philosophy, Sociology, Humanities, Just War, Just War Theory, Border Studies, Human Rights, and Cass Muddeedit
- Associate Professor in Military Leadership and Ethicsedit
In this history of the development of ideas of honor in Western philosophy, Peter Olsthoorn examines what honor is, how its meaning has changed, and whether it can still be of use. Political and moral philosophers from Cicero to John... more
In this history of the development of ideas of honor in Western philosophy, Peter Olsthoorn examines what honor is, how its meaning has changed, and whether it can still be of use. Political and moral philosophers from Cicero to John Stuart Mill thought that a sense of honor and concern for our reputation could help us to determine the proper thing to do, and just as important, provide us with the much-needed motive to do it. Today, outside of the military and some other pockets of resistance, the notion of honor has become seriously out of date, while the term itself has almost disappeared from our moral language. Most of us think that people ought to do what is right based on a love for justice rather than from a concern with how we are perceived by others. Wide-ranging and accessible, the book explores the role of honor in not only philosophy but also literature and war to make the case that honor can still play an important role in contemporary life.
Review
CHOICE Choice Reviews July 2015. Olsthoorn (Netherlands Defense Academy) offers a timely philosophical examination of honor. He traces the intellectual history of honor and its transformation throughout philosophical and political thought in the West. He considers both honor generally and its various manifestations, such as the notion of honor among individuals, groups, and states. The book reveals important insights about comparative concepts such as integrity, respect, and humiliation. Though fewer people in today's world are concerned with honor in their everyday lives than in the past, the topic remains significant and continues to resonate in contemporary times in a variety of ways (as evidenced, for instance, by widespread interest in the phenomenon called "honor killing"). The book features an introduction, a conclusion, and five full-length chapters. Although the background framework is primarily philosophical, the scope of the book is deeply interdisciplinary, drawing from political science, literature, military ethics, and related areas. Summing Up: Recommended. Upper-division undergraduates through researchers/faculty.
--B. Romaya, University of Massachusetts Lowell
Review
CHOICE Choice Reviews July 2015. Olsthoorn (Netherlands Defense Academy) offers a timely philosophical examination of honor. He traces the intellectual history of honor and its transformation throughout philosophical and political thought in the West. He considers both honor generally and its various manifestations, such as the notion of honor among individuals, groups, and states. The book reveals important insights about comparative concepts such as integrity, respect, and humiliation. Though fewer people in today's world are concerned with honor in their everyday lives than in the past, the topic remains significant and continues to resonate in contemporary times in a variety of ways (as evidenced, for instance, by widespread interest in the phenomenon called "honor killing"). The book features an introduction, a conclusion, and five full-length chapters. Although the background framework is primarily philosophical, the scope of the book is deeply interdisciplinary, drawing from political science, literature, military ethics, and related areas. Summing Up: Recommended. Upper-division undergraduates through researchers/faculty.
--B. Romaya, University of Massachusetts Lowell
Research Interests: Intellectual History, Cultural History, Sociology, Political Sociology, Social Theory, and 150 moreMilitary Ethics, Philosophy, Political Philosophy, Ethics, Kant, Normative Ethics, Meta-Ethics, Applied Ethics, Moral Psychology, Humanities, History of Ideas, Social Sciences, Terrorism, Political Theory, Aristotle, Hume, Values Education, Social Philosophy, Philosophy of Education, Social sciences and values, Human Values, Values, Virtue Ethics, Evolution of Morality, Political Science, Liberalism, Shame Theory, Authenticity, Political Violence and Terrorism, Politics, Identity politics, Conservatism, Continental Philosophy, Stoicism, Enlightenment, Celebrity Culture, Virtues (Moral Psychology), History Of Political Thought (Political Science), Conrad, Joseph, Autobiography, Professional Ethics, Seneca, Kant's Practical Philosophy, Reputation (Reputation), Morality (Social Psychology), Intellectual History of Enlightenment, Personal and Moral Autonomy, Locke, Conscience, Alasdair MacIntyre, History of Political Thought, Moral Development, Consequentialism, Cicero, Sociology of Ethics and Morality, Autonomy, Utilitarianism, Rousseau, Plutarch, Immanuel Kant, Communitarianism, Ancient Philosophy, Intellectual and cultural history, John Locke, Moral Philosophy, Virtues and Vices, Occidentalism, Adam Smith, Moral Education, John Rawls, David Hume, Moral emotions, Humiliation, Guilt/shame (Psychology), Social and Political Philosophy, Lawrence Kohlberg, Metaphysics of Free Will and Moral Responsibility, Kant's Political Philosophy, Liberalism and Republicanism, Aristotle's Ethics, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Free Will and Moral Responsibility, Rawls, Jean Jaques Rousseau, Feudalism and Lordship, Moral and Political Philosophy, History of Western Philosophy, Shame, Alexis de Tocqueville, John Stuart Mill, Pride, Dueling and Codes of Honor, Classical Liberalism, Epicureanism, Erving Goffman, Anthropology of ethics and morality, Joseph Conrad, Reputation, Filosofía Política, Filosofie, Aristocracy, Pitt Rivers, Moral, Filosofía, Kwame Anthony Appiah, Charles Horton Cooley, Society, Political Thought, Michael Walzer, Moral Judgment, Goffman, History of Political Ideas, Intelectual History, Fame, Morality, Honor, Respect, Human Dignity, Shame/Guilt, Deontology, Honor-Shame culture, Political Liberalism, Sallust, Aristoteles, Integrity, Humanities and Social Sciences, Seneca's Stoicism, Cicero's philosophical works, Guilt, Honour, Loyalty, Bernard Mandeville, Jeremy Bentham, Culture of Honor, Smith, Liberalisme, Political Economy and History, Kohlberg, Celebrity Politics, Feudalism, Theories of Moral Development, John Locke's Political Philosophy, Impact of Social Sciences and Humanities, History of Philosophy, Lord Jim, Shame and Guilt, Ethics and Values, J. J. Rousseau, Walzer, and Filosofia
Although long-established military virtues, such as honor, courage and loyalty, are what most armed forces today still use as guiding principles in an effort to enhance the moral behavior of soldiers, much depends on whether the military... more
Although long-established military virtues, such as honor, courage and loyalty, are what most armed forces today still use as guiding principles in an effort to enhance the moral behavior of soldiers, much depends on whether the military virtues adhered to by these militaries suit a particular mission or military operation. Clearly, the beneficiaries of these military virtues are the soldiers themselves, fellow-soldiers, and military organizations, yet there is little that regulates the behavior of soldiers towards civilian populations. As a result, troops trained for combat in today's missions sometimes experience difficulty in adjusting to the less aggressive ways of working needed to win the hearts and minds of local populations after major combat is over. It can be argued that today's missions call for virtues that are more inclusive than the traditional ones, which are mainly about enhancing military effectiveness, but a convincing case can be made that a lot can already be won by interpreting these traditional virtues in different ways.
This volume offers an integrated approach to the main traditional virtues, exploring their possible relevance and proposing new ways of interpretation that are more in line with the military tasks of the 21st century.
This volume offers an integrated approach to the main traditional virtues, exploring their possible relevance and proposing new ways of interpretation that are more in line with the military tasks of the 21st century.
Research Interests: Business Ethics, Military History, Sociology, Military Science, Military Ethics, and 123 morePhilosophy, Applied Philosophy, Political Philosophy, Ethics, Normative Ethics, Applied Ethics, Moral Psychology, Humanities, Peace and Conflict Studies, Social Sciences, Violence, War Theory, Values Education, Social Philosophy, Sociology of the Military, Human Rights, Human Values, Values, Virtue Ethics, International Security, Conflict, War Studies, Political Science, Militarism, Security Studies, Political Culture, Political Violence and Terrorism, Politics, Just War, Virtues (Moral Psychology), Ethic Codes, Professional Ethics, Morality (Social Psychology), Humanitarian Intervention, Political Violence, International Politics, Value Theory, Ethical Theory, International Humanitarian Law, Situationism, Moral Development, Armed Conflict, Just War Theory, War Crimes, Peacekeeping, Conflict Resolution, Sociology of Ethics and Morality, Conflict Management, Religion, Conflict and Peacebuilding, Virtue Epistemology, Moral Philosophy, Virtues and Vices, Courage, Military and Politics, Moral Education, War and society, Peace & Conflict Studies, Civil-military relations, Peace Studies, Peace Education, War and violence, Liberal Peacebuilding, Military Sociology, Aristotle's Ethics, Ethnic Conflict and Civil War, War on Terror, Conflict Resolution, Islam, Violence, Terrorism, Peace, Moral and Political Philosophy, Just war theory (Philosophy), Just war theory (Philosophy) (Philosophy), Military, Law of Armed Conflict, Military Psychology, War, Warfare, Armed Forces, Peace, Peacebuilding, Peace and Conflict Resolution, Moral, Peacekeeping operations, Virtue theory, Moral Hazard, Michael Walzer, Human Rights, International Development, Diversity, Training, Capacity Building, Peacebuilding, Corporate Social Responsibility Youth Leadership, Conflict Resolution, Social Sciences and Humanities, Moral Judgment, Conflict and security, Virtue, Rules of War, Morality, Honor, Civil-Military cooperation, Respect, Peace and Conflict, Peace and Security, Just War Tradition, Humanities and Social Sciences, Theories and Methodologies of Political and Social Sciences; Researches on War and Peace, Conflicts and Mediations, Work Values, Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief, Drones, Targeted Killing, Ethics of War, Conflict of Values, Security and Peace Studies, Loyalty, UN peacekeeping operations, United Nations Peacekeeping Operations, Culture of Honor, Ethical Leadership, Civil Military Interaction, Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict, Comprehensive Approach, Armed Forces and Society, Virtues, Peace & Reconciliation, Stabilization and Reconstruction, Peace and Conflicts Studies, Conflict and Conflict Resolution, Moral Courage, Post Conflict Issues, Ethics and Values, Ethics of Humanitarian Intervention, and Ethics In War Collateral Damage and Just War Theory
Most books and articles still treat leadership and ethics as related though separate phenomena. This edited volume is an exception to that rule, and explicitly treats leadership and ethics as a single domain. Clearly, ethics is an aspect... more
Most books and articles still treat leadership and ethics as related though separate phenomena. This edited volume is an exception to that rule, and explicitly treats leadership and ethics as a single domain. Clearly, ethics is an aspect of leadership, and not a distinct approach that exists alongside other approaches to leadership. This holds especially true for the military, as it is one of the few organizations that can legitimately use violence. Military leaders have to deal with personnel who have either used or experienced violence. This intertwinement of leadership and violence separates military leadership from leadership in other professions. Even in a time that leadership is increasingly questioned, it is still good leadership that keeps soldiers from crossing the thin line between legitimate force and excessive violence.
Table of contents
1. Introduction. Peter Olsthoorn;
2. Armouring Against Atrocity: Developing Ethical Strength in Small Military Units. Lieutenant Colonel Tom McDermott DSO and Lieutenant Colonel (Retired) Stephen Hart RM;
3. Ethical Leadership in the Military: The gap Between Theory and Practice in Ethics Education. Miriam C. de Graaff, Peter W. de Vries, Walter J. van Bijlevelt and Ellen Giebels;
4. ABCA Coalition Operations in Afghanistan, Iraq and Beyond: Two Decades of Military Ethics Challenges and Leadership Responses. David Whetham;
5. Military Leaders, Fragmentation, and the Virtue of Integrity. Nathan L. Cartagena and Michael D. Beaty;
6. Military Integrity: Moral or Ethical? Patrick Mileham;
7. Soldiers’ Autonomy and Military Authority. Mihaly Boda;
8. The concept of Innere Führung: Dimensions of its Ethics. Angelika Dörfler-Dierken;
9. Intervening as a Moral Duty: Michael Walzer versus a Multilateralism Approach. Arseniy Kumankov;
10. When International Dialogue about Military Ethics Confronts Diverse Cultural and Political Practices: ‘Guilt And Confession’ as a Case in Point. George R. Wilkes;
11. Moral Judgement in War and Peacekeeping Operations: An Empirical Review. Miriam C. de Graaff, Femke D.A. den Besten, Ellen Giebels and Desiree Verweij;
12. The Disenchantment of Victory and Ethical Dilemmas For Military Leadership: Sovereignty, the Spell of War and Elusiveness of Victory. Boris Kashnikov;
13. Special Forces and Ethics: A Preliminary Assessment of the Leadership Challenge. Deane-Peter Baker.
Table of contents
1. Introduction. Peter Olsthoorn;
2. Armouring Against Atrocity: Developing Ethical Strength in Small Military Units. Lieutenant Colonel Tom McDermott DSO and Lieutenant Colonel (Retired) Stephen Hart RM;
3. Ethical Leadership in the Military: The gap Between Theory and Practice in Ethics Education. Miriam C. de Graaff, Peter W. de Vries, Walter J. van Bijlevelt and Ellen Giebels;
4. ABCA Coalition Operations in Afghanistan, Iraq and Beyond: Two Decades of Military Ethics Challenges and Leadership Responses. David Whetham;
5. Military Leaders, Fragmentation, and the Virtue of Integrity. Nathan L. Cartagena and Michael D. Beaty;
6. Military Integrity: Moral or Ethical? Patrick Mileham;
7. Soldiers’ Autonomy and Military Authority. Mihaly Boda;
8. The concept of Innere Führung: Dimensions of its Ethics. Angelika Dörfler-Dierken;
9. Intervening as a Moral Duty: Michael Walzer versus a Multilateralism Approach. Arseniy Kumankov;
10. When International Dialogue about Military Ethics Confronts Diverse Cultural and Political Practices: ‘Guilt And Confession’ as a Case in Point. George R. Wilkes;
11. Moral Judgement in War and Peacekeeping Operations: An Empirical Review. Miriam C. de Graaff, Femke D.A. den Besten, Ellen Giebels and Desiree Verweij;
12. The Disenchantment of Victory and Ethical Dilemmas For Military Leadership: Sovereignty, the Spell of War and Elusiveness of Victory. Boris Kashnikov;
13. Special Forces and Ethics: A Preliminary Assessment of the Leadership Challenge. Deane-Peter Baker.
Research Interests: Military Ethics, Ethics, Applied Ethics, Moral Psychology, Sociology of the Military, and 20 moreLeadership, Virtue Ethics, War Studies, Transformational Leadership, Organizational Leadership, Moral Development, Moral Philosophy, Military and Politics, Moral Education, Leadership Development, Civil-military relations, Military, Ethical decision making, Followership, Military Leadership, Integrity, Ethics, Military Ethics, Leader Development, Ethical dilemmas, Military leadership development, and Ethical Leadership
Research Interests:
When militaries mention loyalty as a value they mean loyalty to colleagues and the organisation. Loyalty to principle, the type of loyalty that has a wider scope, plays hardly a role in the ethics of most armed forces. Where military... more
When militaries mention loyalty as a value they mean loyalty to colleagues and the organisation. Loyalty to principle, the type of loyalty that has a wider scope, plays hardly a role in the ethics of most armed forces. Where military codes, oaths and values are about the organisation and colleagues, medical ethics is about providing patient care impartially. Being subject to two diverging professional ethics can leave military medical personnel torn between the wish to act loyally towards colleagues, and the demands of a more outward looking ethic. This tension constitutes a test of integrity, not a moral dilemma.
Research Interests:
Authors from Cicero to Smith held honor to be indispensable to make people see and do what is right. As they considered honor to be a social motive, they did not think this dependence on honor was a problem. Today, we tend to see honor as... more
Authors from Cicero to Smith held honor to be indispensable to make people see and do what is right. As they considered honor to be a social motive, they did not think this dependence on honor was a problem. Today, we tend to see honor as a self‐regarding motive, but do not see this as problematic because we stopped seeing it as a necessary incentive. Bernard Mandeville, however, agreed with the older authors that honor is indispensable, but agreed with us moderns that it is a self‐interested motive. Honor might be necessary to keep society functioning, but that does not make it less self‐serving. Mandeville thus combined the classical preoccupation with honor and the modern view of man as self‐seeking. That our motivations are self‐serving is something we wish to hide from others and ourselves; society benefits because we generally behave well in order to live up to this inflated (self‐)image. Hypocrisy is the price we pay for living together peacefully. It is this sobering view on honor that sets Mandeville apart from later authors on the subject, particularly David Hume and Adam Smith.
Research Interests:
Although the notion of universal human rights allows for the idea that states (and supranational organizations such as the European Union) can, or even should, control and impose restrictions on migration, both notions clearly do not sit... more
Although the notion of universal human rights allows for the idea that states (and supranational organizations such as the European Union) can, or even should, control and impose restrictions on migration, both notions clearly do not sit well together. The ensuing tension manifests itself in our ambivalent attitude towards migration, but also affects the border guards who have to implement national and supranational policies on migration. Little has been written on the ethics that has to guide these border guards in their work. Juxtaposing the ethics of border guarding against the ethics of the somewhat related military profession, this article attempts to (a) describe border guarding as a comparatively rule-guided profession; (b) outline the aim and basis of the ethics education that prepares border guards for their work; and (c) propose a research agenda for the future that should further our understanding of (a) and (b), but also help us improve the moral education of border guards.
Research Interests: Ethics, Applied Ethics, Education, Human Rights, Border Studies, and 33 moreRefugee Studies, Virtue Ethics, Immigration, Migration, Security Studies, Human Rights Education, Asylum, Professional Ethics, International Migration, Border Crossing, Situationism, Moral Development, European Immigration and Asylum Law, Sociology of Professions, Migration Studies, Sociology of Migration, International Refugee Law, Moral Philosophy, Moral Education, Asylum seekers, Frontier Studies, Refugees, Borders, Borders and Frontiers, Virtue, Deontology, Refugees and Forced Migration Studies, Borders and Borderlands, Asylum and refugees studies, migration and integration, Hot Spot, FRONTEX, Asylum Seekers and Refugees, and Ethics Edcation
Although most unmanned systems that militaries use today are still unarmed and predominantly used for surveillance, it is especially the proliferation of armed military robots that raises some serious ethical questions. One of the most... more
Although most unmanned systems that militaries use today are still unarmed and predominantly used for surveillance, it is especially the proliferation of armed military robots that raises some serious ethical questions. One of the most pressing concerns the moral responsibility in case a military robot uses violence in a way that would normally qualify as a war crime. In this article, we critically assess the chain of responsibility with respect to the deployment of both semi-autonomous and (learning) autonomous lethal military robots. We will start by looking at military commanders, as they are the ones with whom responsibility normally lies. We will argue that this is typically still the case when lethal robots kill wrongly – even if these robots act autonomously. Nonetheless, we will next look into the possible moral responsibility of the actors at the beginning and the end of the causal chain: those who design and manufacture armed military robots, and those who, far from the battlefield, remotely control them.
Research Interests:
In recent years, it has been argued more than once that situations determine our conduct to a much greater extent than our character does. This argument rests on the findings of social psychologists such as Stanley Milgram, who have... more
In recent years, it has been argued more than once that situations determine our conduct to a much greater extent than our character does. This argument rests on the findings of social psychologists such as Stanley Milgram, who have popularized the idea that we can all be brought to harm innocent others. An increasing number of philosophers and ethicists make use of such findings, and some of them have argued that this so-called situationist challenge fatally undermines virtue ethics. As virtue ethics is currently the most popular underpinning for ethics education in the military, it is important to know to what extent the claim situationists make is correct. Fortunately, a closer look indicates that an interactionist perspective, with our character and the situation interplaying, is more accurate than the situationist perspective.
Research Interests: Psychology, Social Psychology, Military Science, Military Ethics, Applied Philosophy, and 32 moreEthics, Applied Ethics, Moral Psychology, Social Sciences, Violence, Virtue Ethics, War Studies, Virtues (Moral Psychology), Professional Ethics, Morality (Social Psychology), Personal and Moral Autonomy, Situationism, Moral Development, Moral Philosophy, Virtues and Vices, Moral Education, Free Will and Moral Responsibility, Military, Moral, Moral Luck, Virtue theory, Virtue, Morality, Abu Ghraib, Stanley Milgram, Atrocity, Goldhagen, Stanford Prison Experiment, Moral Disengagement, Milgram, Philip Zimbardo, and My Lai Massacre
Research Interests:
The aim of this paper is to examine the usefulness of the somewhat related notions of integrity, moral courage, and Innere Führung (the leadership concept used by the German military) as a means of making military personnel behave... more
The aim of this paper is to examine the usefulness of the somewhat related notions of integrity, moral courage, and Innere Führung (the leadership concept used by the German military) as a means of making military personnel behave ethically. Of these three notions, integrity is mentioned most often within military organizations, and the largest part of what follows is therefore devoted to a description of what integrity is, and what the drawbacks of this notion are for the military. This will lead us to conclude that integrity in its most common meaning is too vague and subjective to be of much use to the military. It is because of these drawbacks that this paper looks into moral courage and Innere Führung as possible alternatives for integrity.
Research Interests: Military Ethics, Philosophy, Ethics, Applied Ethics, Moral Psychology, and 40 morePeace and Conflict Studies, Values Education, Sociology of the Military, Values, Virtue Ethics, War Studies, Professional Moral Courage, Virtues (Moral Psychology), Professional Ethics, Morality (Social Psychology), Personal and Moral Autonomy, Ethical Theory, Moral Development, Conflict Resolution, Sociology of Ethics and Morality, Moral Philosophy, Virtues and Vices, Military and Politics, Moral Education, Civil-military relations, Mobile Computing, Free Will and Moral Responsibility, Moral and Political Philosophy, Military, Ethical decision making, Armed Forces, Moral, Ethik, Moral Judgment, Morality, Soldiers, Integrity, Work Values, Ethical dilemmas, Ethical Leadership, Democratic Control of the Armed Forces, Armed Forces and Society, Bundeswehr, Moral Courage, and Innere Führung
This paper discusses leadership development within the institutional and operational context of the Dutch Army, with the idea that there are lessons here that are also relevant for other armies. Building on the assumption that leadership... more
This paper discusses leadership development within the institutional and operational context of the Dutch Army, with the idea that there are lessons here that are also relevant for other armies. Building on the assumption that leadership can be developed, the first section after the introduction discusses the pros and cons of the leadership schools that are most relevant to the military. The three subsequent sections delve deeper into the related topics of ethical, transformational, and unobtrusive leadership. These sections question the alleged benefits of transformational leadership for the military, argue that a value based approach might be better than virtue ethics as regards to ethics education for junior leaders, and finally criticize the emphasis on strong leadership in leadership theory and most military doctrines. All sections of this article contain guidelines for leadership development, which are briefly summarized in the conclusion.
Research Interests: Management, Military Science, Military Ethics, Sociology of the Military, Leadership, and 25 moreChange Leadership, Human Resource Management, Leadership and Mentoring, Servant Leadership, Transformational Leadership, Organizational Leadership, Human Resources, Leadership Development, Strategy (Business), Military, Ethical decision making, Coaching, Leadership Theory, Armed Forces, Strategy, Charismatic leaders, Military Leadership, Ethics, Military Ethics, Leader Development, Military leadership development, Ethical Leadership, Leadership styles, Transformational Leadership, Change Leadership, Leadership Development, Armed Forces and Society, Situational Leadership, and Working With and Leading People
In line with most modern leadership theories, Western militaries want their leaders to be strong and visionary. But at the same time nearly all militaries stress the need for decentralization of leadership, especially in light of today's... more
In line with most modern leadership theories, Western militaries want their leaders to be strong and visionary. But at the same time nearly all militaries stress the need for decentralization of leadership, especially in light of today's complex and unpredictable missions that take place under the label of the comprehensive approach. The question is which of these seemingly opposing tendencies wins through. Research into the functioning of Dutch commanders showed that decentralized leadership was put into practice to a greater extent during the recent mission in Uruzgan than had been the case in Bosnia in the 1990s. The results of this research also suggest that to succeed a comprehensive approach to military missions requires a less obtrusive style of leadership than is commonly espoused in military doctrine and leadership theory alike. The second part of this article makes some suggestions about how such an unobtrusive leadership style could take shape, particularly in the context of comprehensive organizing.
Research Interests: Doctrine (Military Science), Peace and Conflict Studies, Leadership, War Studies, Security Studies, and 12 moreInsurgency/Counterinsurgency(COIN), Peacekeeping, Conflict Resolution, Civil-military relations, Ethnic Conflict and Civil War, Military, Peace, Peacebuilding, Civil-Military cooperation, Comprehensive Approach, CIMIC, and Nation building and State making
Research Interests: Military Ethics, Philosophy, Applied Philosophy, Ethics, Philosophy of Action, and 81 moreNormative Ethics, Applied Ethics, Moral Psychology, Humanities, Peace and Conflict Studies, Violence, Values Education, Social Philosophy, Sociology of the Military, Human Values, Values, Virtue Ethics, International Security, War Studies, Professional Moral Courage, Security Studies, Political Violence and Terrorism, Just War, Virtues (Moral Psychology), Education Ethics, Professional Ethics, Morality (Social Psychology), Personal and Moral Autonomy, Ethical Theory, Situationism, Moral Development, Normativity, Armed Conflict, Just War Theory, War Crimes, Peacekeeping, Moral Philosophy, Virtues and Vices, Military and Politics, Moral Education, Peace & Conflict Studies, Moral emotions, Civil-military relations, Peace Studies, Peace Education, Military Sociology, Aristotle's Ethics, Ethnic Conflict and Civil War, War on Terror, Moral and Political Philosophy, Just war theory (Philosophy), Military, Ethical decision making, Law of Armed Conflict, War, Armed Forces, Peace, Peacebuilding, Philosophie, Peace and Conflict Resolution, Moral, Virtue theory, Moral Hazard, Human Rights, International Development, Diversity, Training, Capacity Building, Peacebuilding, Corporate Social Responsibility Youth Leadership, Conflict Resolution, Moral Judgment, Virtue, Rules of War, Morality, Soldiers, Humanities and Social Sciences, Work Values, Ethical Approaches, Security and Peace Studies, Loyalty, Ethical Behavior, Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict Situations, Ethical Leadership, Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict, Armed Forces and Society, Civic and Moral Education, Peace & Reconciliation, Norms in International Relations, Peace and Conflicts Studies, Ethics and Values, Beliefs & Values, and Ethics In War Collateral Damage and Just War Theory
Utilitarianism is the strand of moral philosophy that holds that judgment of whether an act is morally right or wrong, hence whether it ought to be done or not, is primarily based upon the foreseen consequences of the act in question. It... more
Utilitarianism is the strand of moral philosophy that holds that judgment of whether an act is morally right or wrong, hence whether it ought to be done or not, is primarily based upon the foreseen consequences of the act in question. It has a bad reputation in military ethics because it would supposedly make military expedience override all other concerns. Given that the utilitarian credo of ‘the greatest happiness for the greatest number’ is in fact ‘agent-neutral’, meaning that the consequences to everyone should weigh equally, this critique of utilitarianism is not entirely fair. By focusing on some anomalies in both the ‘principle of double effect’ and in our tendency to give priority to the interests of those who are near and dear to us, this article argues that there is something to be said for a military ethic that attaches less weight to intentions, and more to the consequences.
Research Interests: Military Ethics, Strategy (Military Science), International Relations, Philosophy, Ethics, and 49 moreNormative Ethics, Applied Ethics, Humanities, Peace and Conflict Studies, Violence, International Studies, War Theory, International Security, Conflict, War Studies, Just War, Professional Ethics, Morality (Social Psychology), Realism (Political Science), Armed Conflict, Just War Theory, Consequentialism, Christian Ethics, Peacekeeping, Utilitarianism, Moral Philosophy, Military and Politics, Peace & Conflict Studies, Social and Political Philosophy, Civil-military relations, Peace Studies, War and violence, Moral and Political Philosophy, Military, Law of Armed Conflict, War, Armed Forces, Peace, Peacebuilding, Peace and Conflict Resolution, Moral Judgment, Rules of War, Morality, Intentions, Utility, Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief, Security and Peace Studies, Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict Situations, Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict, Armed Forces and Society, Stabilization and Reconstruction, International Law of Armed Conflicts, Peace and Conflicts Studies, and Post Conflict Issues
The first section of this article argues that the best-known definition of physical courage, stemming from Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics, is less than fit for today’s military. Having done so, a short outline is given of more... more
The first section of this article argues that the best-known definition of physical courage, stemming from Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics, is less than fit for today’s military. Having done so, a short outline is given of more ‘scientific’ approaches to physical courage, drawing mainly on insights offered by psychologists, and of the problems that are inherent to these approaches. Subsequently, the article turns to a topic that is often paid lip ser v ice to in the military, yet remains somewhat hard to pin down: moral courage. Although both forms of courage are intertwined, they are so in a less straightforward manner than is often thought. The way the de velopment of physical courage in today’s military is undertaken, for instance, contributes little to the de v elopment of moral courage.
Research Interests: Military History, Sociology, Military Ethics, Military Law, Philosophy, and 58 moreEthics, Normative Ethics, Applied Ethics, Moral Psychology, Peace and Conflict Studies, Social Sciences, Aristotle, Values Education, Sociology of the Military, Values, Virtue Ethics, Conflict, War Studies, Professional Moral Courage, Security Studies, Virtues (Moral Psychology), Professional Ethics, Greek Virtues & Emotions, Ethical Theory, Moral Development, Normativity, Armed Conflict, Peacekeeping, Conflict Resolution, Social Norms, Moral Philosophy, Virtues and Vices, Military and Politics, Moral Education, Peace & Conflict Studies, Civil-military relations, Peace Studies, Peace Education, Moral and Political Philosophy, Military, Law of Armed Conflict, Armed Forces, Peace, Peacebuilding, Peace and Conflict Resolution, Moral, Social cohesion, Virtue theory, Virtue, Rules of War, Honor, Integrity, Conformity, Work Values, Conflict of Values, Security and Peace Studies, Cohesion, Loyalty, Group Cohesion, Culture of Honor, Armed Forces and Society, Peace & Reconciliation, and Peace and Conflicts Studies
Integrity is generally considered to be an important military virtue. The first part of this article tries to make sense of integrity’s many, often contradicting, meanings. Both in the military and elsewhere, its most common understanding... more
Integrity is generally considered to be an important military virtue. The first part of this article tries to make sense of integrity’s many, often contradicting, meanings. Both in the military and elsewhere, its most common understanding seems to be that integrity requires us to live according to one’s personal principal values and principles we have a moral obligation to do so, and it is a prerequisite to be able to ‘look oursel ves in the mirror.’ This notion of integrity as upholding personal values and principles is a v ery problematic one in itself, especially to those working in the military. For se veral reasons, perhaps the role that thevirtue of integrity has in a military organization could in fact be better played by other virtues.
Research Interests: Sociology, Social Psychology, Military Science, Military Ethics, Philosophy, and 42 moreEthics, Applied Ethics, Moral Psychology, Humanities, Peace and Conflict Studies, Social Sciences, Values Education, Social Philosophy, Sociology of the Military, Human Values, Whistleblowing, Values, Virtue Ethics, Conflict, War Studies, Just War, Professional Ethics, Personal and Moral Autonomy, Moral Development, Armed Conflict, Moral Philosophy, Military and Politics, Moral Education, Social and Political Philosophy, Civil-military relations, Moral and Political Philosophy, Military, Law of Armed Conflict, Armed Forces, Philosophie, Moral, Morality, Command and Control, Work Values, Conflict of Values, Command responsibility, Law and Morality, Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict Situations, Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict, Armed Forces and Society, Ethics and Values, and Beliefs & Values
This article deals with the notion of honor and its role in today’s military as an incentive in combat, but also as a check on the behavior on both the battlefield and in modern “operations other than war.” First, an outline will be given... more
This article deals with the notion of honor and its role in today’s military as an incentive in combat, but also as a check on the behavior on both the battlefield and in modern “operations other than war.” First, an outline will be given of what honor is and how it relates to traditional views on military courage. After that, the Roman honor-ethic, stating that honor is a necessary incentive for courageous behavior and that it is something worth dying for, is contrasted with today’s prevailing view which sees honor as something obsolete and archaic and not as a legitimate motive. The article then addresses the way honor continues to have a role in today’s military, despite its diminishing role in society at large. Subsequently, the drawbacks of the military’s use of the honor ethic are addressed, focusing also on the current operation in Iraq. The final section tries to find a solution to these problems.
Research Interests: Military Ethics, Philosophy, Ethics, Normative Ethics, Applied Ethics, and 52 moreMoral Psychology, Humanities, Peace and Conflict Studies, Social Sciences, Sociology of the Military, Virtue Ethics, International Security, War Studies, Shame Theory, Security Studies, Just War, Virtues (Moral Psychology), Professional Ethics, Conscientious Objection/Draft Resistance, Conscience, Moral Development, Armed Conflict, Just War Theory, Peacekeeping, Moral Philosophy, Virtues and Vices, Courage, Military and Politics, Moral Education, Peace & Conflict Studies, Guilt/shame (Psychology), Civil-military relations, Peace Studies, Ethnic Conflict and Civil War, Moral and Political Philosophy, Dueling and Codes of Honor, Military, Law of Armed Conflict, Armed Forces, Peace and Conflict Resolution, Moral, Social cohesion, Virtue theory, Virtue, Rules of War, Honor, Honor-Shame culture, Humanities and Social Sciences, Security and Peace Studies, Ethical Leadership, Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict, Armed Forces and Society, Peace & Reconciliation, Impact of Social Sciences and Humanities, International Law of Armed Conflicts, Peace and Conflicts Studies, and History of Philosophy
This article deals with the notion of honor and its relation to the willingness to make sacrifices. There is a widely shared feeling, especially in Western countries, that the willingness to make sacrifices for the greater good has been... more
This article deals with the notion of honor and its relation to the willingness to make sacrifices. There is a widely shared feeling, especially in Western countries, that the willingness to make sacrifices for the greater good has been on a reverse trend for quite a while both on the individual and the societal levels, and that this is increasingly problematic to the military. First of all, an outline of what honor is will be given. After that, the Roman honor-ethic, stating that honor is a necessary incentive for courageous behavior and that it is something worth dying for, is contrasted with today’s ruling view in the West, which sees honor as something obsolete and archaic and not as a legitimate motive for courageous behavior. The article then addresses the way honor continues to have a role in today’s military, despite its diminishing role in Western society at large.
Research Interests: Military Ethics, Philosophy, Applied Philosophy, Ethics, Normative Ethics, and 26 moreApplied Ethics, Moral Psychology, Humanities, History of Ideas, Peace and Conflict Studies, Social Philosophy, Sociology of the Military, Virtue Ethics, War Studies, Virtues (Moral Psychology), Moral Development, Armed Conflict, Moral Philosophy, Virtues and Vices, Moral Education, Moral and Political Philosophy, Military, Law of Armed Conflict, Armed Forces, Moral, Social cohesion, Morality, Honor, Honour, Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict, and Armed Forces and Society
Dieser Artikel untersucht die in gewisser Weise verwandten Begriffe Integrität, Zivilcourage und Innere Führung auf ihren Nutzen hinsichtlich der Gewährleistung ethischen Verhaltens bei den Angehörigen der Streitkräfte. Am häufigsten wird... more
Dieser Artikel untersucht die in gewisser Weise verwandten Begriffe Integrität, Zivilcourage und Innere Führung auf ihren Nutzen hinsichtlich
der Gewährleistung ethischen Verhaltens bei den Angehörigen der Streitkräfte. Am häufigsten wird in militärischen Organisationen in
diesem Zusammenhang der Begriff der Integrität verwendet. Die olgenden Ausführungen beziehen sich deshalb zu einem großen Teil auf
die Erörterung dieses Begriffs sowie auf die Problematik seiner Verwendung im militärischen Bereich. Dies führt zu der chlussfolgerung,
dass der Begriff der Integrität in seiner üblichen Verwendung für den Kontext der Streitkräfte zu unbestimmt und subjektiv und insofern kaum
von Nutzen ist. Aufgrund dieser Nachteile diskutiert der Artikel die Begriffe Zivilcourage und Innere Führung als mögliche Alternativen zum
Konzept der Integrität.
der Gewährleistung ethischen Verhaltens bei den Angehörigen der Streitkräfte. Am häufigsten wird in militärischen Organisationen in
diesem Zusammenhang der Begriff der Integrität verwendet. Die olgenden Ausführungen beziehen sich deshalb zu einem großen Teil auf
die Erörterung dieses Begriffs sowie auf die Problematik seiner Verwendung im militärischen Bereich. Dies führt zu der chlussfolgerung,
dass der Begriff der Integrität in seiner üblichen Verwendung für den Kontext der Streitkräfte zu unbestimmt und subjektiv und insofern kaum
von Nutzen ist. Aufgrund dieser Nachteile diskutiert der Artikel die Begriffe Zivilcourage und Innere Führung als mögliche Alternativen zum
Konzept der Integrität.
Research Interests:
Until fairly recently it was not uncommon for political theorists to hold the view that people cannot be expected to act in accordance with the public interest without some incentive. Authors such as Marcus Tullius Cicero, John Locke,... more
Until fairly recently it was not uncommon for political theorists to hold the view that people cannot be expected to act in accordance with the public interest without some incentive. Authors such as Marcus Tullius Cicero, John Locke, David Hume and Adam Smith, for instance, held that people often act in accordance with the public interest, but more from a concern for their honour and reputation than from a concern for the greater good. Today, most authors take a more demanding view, maintaining that people are to be just solely from a love for justice, not from a fear of losing face. In this article today’s prevailing view, which sees honour as something obsolete and archaic and not as a legitimate motive, is contrasted with the older view that honour is important for both knowing what moral is and acting on it. Subsequently, it is argued that the ethics of honour, especially in the form it took in the works of Hume and Smith, can still be of value, exactly because it is less demanding.
Research Interests: Sociology, Political Sociology, Social Theory, Philosophy, Applied Philosophy, and 108 morePolitical Philosophy, Ethics, Philosophy of Action, Free Will, Moral Responsibility, Normative Ethics, Applied Ethics, Moral Psychology, Humanities, History of Ideas, Political Behavior, Social Sciences, Romanticism, Political Theory, Social Identity, Hume, Values Education, Social Philosophy, Political Psychology, Philosophy of Education, Republicanism, Values, Virtue Ethics, Political Anthropology, Political Science, Liberalism, Shame Theory, Political Culture, Politics, Social Justice, Stoicism, Enlightenment, Celebrity Culture, Virtues (Moral Psychology), Political communication, Scottish Enlightenment, Political History, Reputation (Reputation), Morality (Social Psychology), Intellectual History of Enlightenment, Personal and Moral Autonomy, Philosophy of Social Science, Conscience, Elites (Political Science), History of Political Thought, Moral Development, Cicero, Bentham, Social Norms, Plutarch, Communitarianism, Ancient Philosophy, Moral Philosophy, Virtues and Vices, Adam Smith, Moral Education, Caesar (Classics), John Rawls, David Hume, Humiliation, Guilt/shame (Psychology), Social and Political Philosophy, Early Modern Political Thought, Enlightenment Political Thought, Modern Political Philosophy, Contemporary Political Philosophy, Social status, Jean Jaques Rousseau, Moral and Political Philosophy, Mandeville, Roman Stoicism, Shame, Alexis de Tocqueville, John Stuart Mill, Pride, Dueling and Codes of Honor, Stoicism (Philosophy), Anthropology of ethics and morality, Social Inequality, Philosophie, Moral, Virtue theory, Political Thought, Michael Walzer, Social Sciences and Humanities, Reward and Recognition, Civic Virtue, History of Political Ideas, Roman Philosophy, Political Sciences, Intelectual History, Virtue, Fame, Morality, Honor, Shame/Guilt, Honor-Shame culture, Status, Julius Caesar, Sallust, Humanities and Social Sciences, Honour, Bernard Mandeville, Culture of Honor, Celebrity Politics, Celebrity and Fame, Impact of Social Sciences and Humanities, History of Philosophy, and Socio Political Philosophy
Research Interests: Military Science, Military Ethics, Strategy (Military Science), International Relations, Ethics, and 57 moreNormative Ethics, Applied Ethics, Peace and Conflict Studies, International Studies, Human Values, Values, Virtue Ethics, International Security, War Studies, Political Science, International Human Rights Law, Security Studies, Politics, Just War, Professional Ethics, Uav, Morality (Social Psychology), Human-Robot Interaction, Armed Conflict, Just War Theory, Conflict Resolution, Moral Philosophy, Military and Politics, Peace & Conflict Studies, Civil-military relations, Peace Studies, Ethnic Conflict and Civil War, War on Terror, Moral and Political Philosophy, Law of Armed Conflict, Military Psychology, War, Armed Forces, Peace, Peacebuilding, Peace and Conflict Resolution, National Security, Autonomous Robots, Rules of War, Robots, Flying robot, Drones, Targeted Killing, Ethics of War, Targeted Killing, Drone Warfare, Ethics of War, Conflict of Values, Security and Peace Studies, Drones, Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict, Military Drones, Armed Forces and Society, Pakistan drone attacks policy, Peace & Reconciliation, International Law of Armed Conflicts, Peace and Conflicts Studies, Drone, Drones Strikes on Pakistan, Legality of Use of Drones, and Drone Warfare
Most unmanned systems used in operations today are unarmed and mainly used for reconnaissance and mine clearing, yet the increase of the number of armed military robots is undeniable. The use of these robots raises some serious ethical... more
Most unmanned systems used in operations today are unarmed and mainly used for reconnaissance and mine clearing, yet the increase of the number of armed military robots is undeniable. The use of these robots raises some serious ethical questions. For instance: who can be held morally responsible in reason when a military robot is involved in an act of violence that would normally be described as a war crime? In this article, The authors critically assess the attribution of responsibility with respect to the deployment of both non-autonomous and non-learning autonomous lethal military robots. The authors will start by looking at the role of those with whom responsibility normally lies, the commanders. The authors argue that this is no different in the case of the above mentioned robots. After that, we will turn to those at the beginning and the end of the causal chain, respectively the manufacturers and designers, and the human operators who remotely control armed military robots from behind a computer screen.
Research Interests: Robotics, Military Ethics, Ethics, Normative Ethics, Applied Ethics, and 24 morePeace and Conflict Studies, Sociology of the Military, International Security, War Studies, Security Studies, Just War, Personal and Moral Autonomy, Just War Theory, Moral Philosophy, Military and Politics, Peace & Conflict Studies, War on Terror, Moral and Political Philosophy, Military, Military Psychology, Robots, Cyber Security, Drones, Targeted Killing, Ethics of War, Targeted Killing, Drone Warfare, Ethics of War, Military Robotics, Drones, Military Drones, Legality of Use of Drones, and Drone Warfare
Research Interests: Management, Business Ethics, Sociology, Medical Sociology, Military Ethics, and 73 moreHealth Sciences, Ethics, Normative Ethics, Applied Ethics, Humanities, Peace and Conflict Studies, Social Sciences, Medical Law, Violence, Values Education, Sociology of the Military, International Development, Human Values, Values, Virtue Ethics, International Security, Conflict, War Studies, Medical Education, International Human Rights Law, Afghanistan, Security Studies, Just War, Medical Humanities, Professional Ethics, Medical Ethics, Insurgency/Counterinsurgency(COIN), Morality (Social Psychology), Justice, Armed Conflict, Peacekeeping, Conflict Resolution, Conflict Management, Religion, Conflict and Peacebuilding, Health Care Ethics, Moral Philosophy, Military and Politics, Moral Education, Peace & Conflict Studies, Social and Political Philosophy, Civil-military relations, Peace Studies, Military Sociology, Ethnic Conflict and Civil War, War on Terror, Military, Law of Armed Conflict, Armed Forces, Peace, Peacebuilding, Peace and Conflict Resolution, Moral, Human Rights, International Development, Diversity, Training, Capacity Building, Peacebuilding, Corporate Social Responsibility Youth Leadership, Conflict Resolution, Morality, Civil-Military cooperation, Work Values, Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief, Conflict of Values, Security and Peace Studies, Loyalty, UN peacekeeping operations, United Nations Peacekeeping Operations, Civil Military Interaction, Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict, Comprehensive Approach, Armed Forces and Society, Peace & Reconciliation, Post Conflict Development, Stabilization and Reconstruction, Peace and Conflicts Studies, Post Conflict Issues, Beliefs & Values, and Whole of government Approach
Research Interests: Organizational Behavior, Management, Sociology, Medical Sociology, Military Ethics, and 50 moreMedical Anthropology, Philosophy, Ethics, Normative Ethics, Applied Ethics, Humanities, Organizational Theory, Peace and Conflict Studies, Social Sciences, Values Education, Sociology of the Military, Organizational Culture, Primary Health Care, Human Values, Ethics & Social Sustainability, International organizations, Values, Post-conflict Reconstruction and Development, Health Care, Medical Education, Afghanistan, Politics, Medical Humanities, Professional Ethics, Medical Ethics, Armed Conflict, Health Care Ethics, Professional Development, Moral Philosophy, Health Care Management, Social and Political Philosophy, Civil-military relations, Peace Studies, Law of Armed Conflict, Armed Forces, Peace, Peacebuilding, Bureaucracy, Morality, Civil-Military cooperation, Work Values, Conflict of Values, Comprehensive Approach, Armed Forces and Society, Post Conflict Development, Stabilization and Reconstruction, Peace and Conflicts Studies, Post Conflict Issues, Ethics and Values, and Whole of government Approach
Research Interests:
Research Interests: Sociology, Military Ethics, Philosophy, Ethics, Normative Ethics, and 26 moreApplied Ethics, Humanities, Peace and Conflict Studies, Social Sciences, Virtue Ethics, War Studies, Just War, Virtues (Moral Psychology), Professional Ethics, Moral Development, Armed Conflict, Peacekeeping, Moral Philosophy, Military and Politics, Moral Education, Peace & Conflict Studies, Civil-military relations, Military, Armed Forces, Peacebuilding, Morality, Civil-Military cooperation, Army, Security and Peace Studies, Loyalty, and Armed Forces and Society
Research Interests: Organizational Behavior, Management, Doctrine (Military Science), Strategy (Military Science), Organizational Theory, and 31 moreOrganizational Change, Organizational Learning, Organizational Culture, Leadership, Change Leadership, War Studies, Organization Studies, Leadership and Mentoring, Servant Leadership, Transformational Leadership, Organizational Leadership, Nonprofit Leadership, Shared Leadership, Armed Conflict, Military and Politics, Leadership Development, Nonprofit Management and Leadership, Military, Organizational Development, Leadership Theory, Transactional Leadership, Armed Forces, Followership, Charismatic leaders, Leadership Style, Military Leadership, Military leadership development, Ethical Leadership, Leadership styles, Servant, transforming, and, spiritual leadership; motivation in the workplace, organizational change, organizational development, and individual and organiztional performance., and Armed Forces and Society
The Comprehensive Approach was devised to facilitate cooperation between civilian and military actors, to tackle causes of instability and to create a more safe and secure environment in areas of conflict. Due to weak governance and with... more
The Comprehensive Approach was devised to facilitate cooperation between civilian and military actors, to tackle causes of instability and to create a more safe and secure environment in areas of conflict. Due to weak governance and with police and military not up to their job, a Provincial Reconstruction Team (PRT) was needed to bring these goods in Uruzgan. This chapter discusses, against the background of the Netherlands’ contribution to that PRT, the concept of exiting from a civil-military perspective; cooperation during the exit phase is vital in order to secure results reached. In Uruzgan, a short but intense period of cooperation with the Australian successors ensured a relatively smooth handover, with the Australians continuing to work on more or less similar lines as the Dutch had done.
Research Interests: Peace and Conflict Studies, International Security, War Studies, Strategic Studies, Afghanistan, and 24 moreSecurity Studies, United Nations, Armed Conflict, Peacekeeping, Conflict Resolution, Conflict Management, Military and Politics, Civil-military relations, Peace Studies, Ethnic Conflict and Civil War, War on Terror, Military, Peace, Peacebuilding, Peace and Conflict Resolution, Uruzgan, Civil-Military cooperation, Security and Peace Studies, Nation-building, United Nations Peacekeeping Operations, Armed Forces and Society, Peace and Conflicts Studies, CIMIC, and Nation building and State making
Research Interests:
Research Interests: Military Ethics, Ethics, Applied Ethics, Peace and Conflict Studies, International Security, and 17 moreConflict, War Studies, Insurgency/Counterinsurgency(COIN), Moral Development, Peacekeeping, Irregular Warfare, Moral Philosophy, Military and Politics, Civil-military relations, Peace Studies, Ethnic Conflict and Civil War, War on Terror, Military, Peace, Peacebuilding, Peace and Conflict Resolution, and CIMIC
Research Interests:
Public support, political decision making and the changed international security constellation in the early nineties were such that conscription was no longer justifiable by Dutch society and politics. Conscription itself was not... more
Public support, political decision making and the changed international security constellation in the early nineties were such that conscription was no longer justifiable by Dutch society and politics. Conscription itself was not abolished, but the draft was suspended, which enables the state to reintroduce conscription in the case of emergency. Suspension of the draft was the beginning of a professional army based on the structure of an all-volunteer force. The decisions made led to many changes in force structure, recruitment, tasks, and public support. Professionalization of the armed forces appeared to be a challenging change process, and many problems had to be solved at a time the military was confronted with new challenges.
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Introduction In recent years, looking for an answer to the question what is behind the rise of political Islam and the terrorist attacks by the hand of a few of its advocates, a number of authors have put forward the view that some... more
Introduction In recent years, looking for an answer to the question what is behind the rise of political Islam and the terrorist attacks by the hand of a few of its advocates, a number of authors have put forward the view that some Muslims feel that their culture is superior, but at the same time fear that in today's world their way of life is threatened and that their honor is at stake. Presumably, the resulting feelings of humiliation are among the causes of the terrorist attacks we have witnessed in recent years.
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Book review of Robert Oprisko's Honor: A Phenomenology
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Hoewel moed een lastig te definiëren concept is, is er wel overeenstemming over het feit dat er ten minste twee vormen zijn: fysieke moed en morele moed. Morele moed staat dan onder meer voor de bereidheid de eigen reputatie op het spel... more
Hoewel moed een lastig te definiëren concept is, is er wel overeenstemming over het feit dat er ten minste twee vormen zijn: fysieke moed en morele moed. Morele moed staat dan onder meer voor de bereidheid de eigen reputatie op het spel te zetten voor een hoger, moreel doel. Veel auteurs nemen aan dat morele moed een afgeleide is van fysieke moed, en dat wie het laatste niet heeft, ook op het eerste niet hoog scoort, maar dat is niet per se het geval. Het is wel duidelijk dat de prijs van morele moed doorgaans hoog is. Om te verklaren waarom dit juist ook in de krijgsmacht zo is, gaat dit artikel in op het belang dat zij hecht aan sociale cohesie. Ook de nadelen van sociale cohesie komen daarbij aan de orde.
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Defensie ziet leidinggeven als haar core business en besteedt terecht veel aandacht aan het trainen en opleiden van haar (toekomstig) leidinggevenden. Maar ook buiten defensie zien we een voortdurende fascinatie met leiders en een roep om... more
Defensie ziet leidinggeven als haar core business en besteedt terecht veel aandacht aan het trainen en opleiden van haar (toekomstig) leidinggevenden. Maar ook buiten defensie zien we een voortdurende fascinatie met leiders en een roep om sterker leiderschap als er iets niet gaat zoals we willen. Toch is de achterliggende aanname dat leiders het verschil maken minder vanzelfsprekend dan deze ooit was. Zo verscheen in 2014 The End of Leadership van Barbara Kellerman, als professor in Public Leadership verbonden aan de Harvard Kennedy School. In dit provocatieve boek schetst Kellerman de crisis waarin zowel leiderschap als de leiderschapsindustrie vandaag de dag volgens haar verkeren.
De koers die de Verenigde Staten op dit moment onder de regering Bush vaart is volgens de auteurs geen conservatieve. Los van geschiedenis en cultuur in andere naties (economische) vrij-heid en democratie te willen introduceren duidt... more
De koers die de Verenigde Staten op dit moment onder de regering Bush vaart is volgens de auteurs geen conservatieve. Los van geschiedenis en cultuur in andere naties (economische) vrij-heid en democratie te willen introduceren duidt eerder op universalistische aspiraties en daarmee op een revolutionaire koers.
Malkit Shoshan presenteert tijdens de komende Architectuurbiënnale Venetië in het Nederlandse paviljoen haar onderzoek BLUE: Architectuur van VN Vredesmissies. In Het Nieuwe Instituut vertelde zij over haar bezoek aan Kamp Castor in Mali,... more
Malkit Shoshan presenteert tijdens de komende Architectuurbiënnale Venetië in het Nederlandse paviljoen haar onderzoek BLUE: Architectuur van VN Vredesmissies. In Het Nieuwe Instituut vertelde zij over haar bezoek aan Kamp Castor in Mali, een casestudy binnen dat onderzoek.
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Is er een Western Way of War, die zich vanaf de antieke Grieken continu ontwikkeld heeft? Sommige auteurs menen van wel, maar je mag twijfels hebben bij hun conclusie. Is de westerse manier van oorlog voeren ingebed in verworvenheden als... more
Is er een Western Way of War, die zich vanaf de antieke Grieken continu ontwikkeld heeft? Sommige auteurs menen van wel, maar je mag twijfels hebben bij hun conclusie. Is de westerse manier van oorlog voeren ingebed in verworvenheden als democratie, vrijheid, kapitalisme en
wetenschap? Ook dat mag je betwijfelen. Als er al een ‘gemene deler’ bestaat in de huidige ‘westerse’ manier van oorlog voeren, dan ligt de oorsprong bij de manier waarop Napoleon
oorlog voerde. De huidige ‘niet-westerse’ combattanten moeten zich echter niet rijk rekenen met de veronderstelde geringe ‘westerse’ bereidheid om slachtoffers te aanvaarden.
wetenschap? Ook dat mag je betwijfelen. Als er al een ‘gemene deler’ bestaat in de huidige ‘westerse’ manier van oorlog voeren, dan ligt de oorsprong bij de manier waarop Napoleon
oorlog voerde. De huidige ‘niet-westerse’ combattanten moeten zich echter niet rijk rekenen met de veronderstelde geringe ‘westerse’ bereidheid om slachtoffers te aanvaarden.
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Dit artikel is geschreven naar aanleiding van de recente discussie over de liberale moraal, waarbij sommige au teurs pleitten voor een minder vrijblijvende en meer ‘klassieke’ vorm van liberalisme. In dit artikel wordt uiteengezet waar... more
Dit artikel is geschreven naar aanleiding van de recente discussie over de liberale moraal, waarbij sommige au teurs pleitten voor een minder vrijblijvende en meer ‘klassieke’ vorm van liberalisme. In dit artikel wordt uiteengezet waar de klassieke liberalen de grenzen van derede trokken. Tot in hoeverre achtten zij de mens in staat zichzelf de wet te stellen? Betoogd wordt dat hoe wel liberalen als Locke, Hume, en Smith ons wel dege lijk iets te vertellen hebben, de waarde van hun werk niet zozeer ligt in de - niet langer algemeen onder schreven - catalogus van deugden die zij erop nahiel den, maar veeleer in hun poging aan te sluiten bij men selijke eigenaardigheden en zwakheden.